MCQ Book Questions

Q60062. A 14-year-old boy receives a laceration on his forehead during an ice hockey game. When he is fi rst attended to by the medic, there is blanching of the skin around the wound. Which of the following mechanisms accounts for this transient reaction to neurogenic and chemical stimuli at the site of injury?

Q60063. An 8-year-old girl with asthma presents with respiratory distress. She has a history of allergies and upper respiratory tract infections. She also has history of wheezes associated with exercise. Which of the following mediators of infl ammation is the most powerful stimulator of bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction in this patient?

Q60064. Which of the following preformed substances is released from mast cells and platelets, resulting in increased vascular permeability in the lungs of the patient described in Question 23?

Q60065. A 75-year-old woman complains of recent onset of chest pain, fever, and productive cough with rust-colored sputum. A chest X-ray reveals an infi ltrate in the right middle lobe. Sputum cultures are positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Phagocytic cells in this patient’s affected lung tissue generate bacteriocidal hypochlorous acid using which of the following enzymes?

Q60066. A 28-year-old woman cuts her hand while dicing vegetables in the kitchen. The wound is cleaned and sutured. Five days later, the site of injury contains an abundance of chronic infl ammatory cells that actively secrete interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-α, numerous arachidonic acid derivatives, and various enzymes. Name these cells.

Q60067. Aspirin is effective in relieving symptoms of acute infl amma- tion in the patient described in Question 35 because it inhibits which of the following enzymes?

Q60068. A 50-year-old woman is discovered to have metastatic breast cancer. One week after receiving her fi rst dose of chemo- therapy, she develops bacterial pneumonia. Which of the fol- lowing best explains this patient’s susceptibility to bacterial infection?

Q60069. A 53-year-old man develops weakness, malaise, cough with bloody sputum, and night sweats. A chest X-ray reveals numer- ous apical densities bilaterally. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was documented 20 years ago, and M. tuberculo- sis is identifi ed in the sputum. The patient subsequently dies of respiratory insuffi ciency. The lungs are examined at autopsy (shown in the image). Which of the following best character- izes the histopathologic features of this pulmonary lesion?

Q60070. A 59-year-old man experiences acute chest pain and is rushed to the emergency room. Laboratory studies and ECG demon- strate an acute myocardial infarction; however, coronary artery angiography performed 2 hours later does not show evidence of thrombosis. Intravascular thrombolysis that occurred in this patient was mediated by plasminogen activators that were released by which of the following cells?

Q60071. A 45-year-old woman with autoimmune hemolytic anemia presents with increasing fatigue. Which of the following mediators of infl ammation is primarily responsible for antibody-mediated hemolysis in this patient?

Q60072. A 59-year-old alcoholic man is brought to the emergency room with a fever (38.7°C/103°F) and foul-smelling breath. A chest X-ray reveals a pulmonary abscess in the right lower lobe. The patient subsequently develops acute bronchopneumonia and dies. Microscopic examination of the lungs at autopsy is shown in the image. Activation of phospholipase A2 in these intra-alveolar cells resulted in the formation of which of the following mediators of infl ammation?

Q60073. A 10-year-old girl presents with a 2-week history of puffi ness around her eyes and swelling of the legs and ankles. Laboratory studies show hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria. The urinary sediment contains no infl ammatory cells or red blood cells. Which of the following terms describes this patient’s peripheral edema?

Q60074. A 74-year-old woman presents with acute chest pain and shortness of breath. Cardiac catheterization demonstrates occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Lab- oratory studies and ECG are consistent with acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the most likely patho- logic fi nding in the affected heart muscle 4 weeks later?

Q60075. A 4-year-old boy falls on a rusty nail and punctures his skin. The wound is cleaned and covered with sterile gauze. Which of the following is the initial event in the healing process?

Q60076. An 82-year-old man dies 4 years after developing congestive heart failure. He had a history of multiple myocardial infarcts over the past 10 years. A trichrome stain of heart muscle at autopsy is shown in the image. What is the predominant type of collagen found in this mature scar tissue?

Q60077. A 25-year-old woman sustains a deep, open laceration over her right forearm in a motorcycle accident. The wound is cleaned and sutured. Which of the following cell types medi- ates contraction of the wound to facilitate healing?

Q60078. During the next 3 months, the wound heals with formation of a linear scar. Which of the following nutritional factors is required for proper collagen assembly in the scar tissue of the patient described in Question 4?

Q60079. A 57-year-old man with a history of alcoholism presents with yellow discoloration of his skin and sclerae. Laboratory studies show elevated serum levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT). A trichrome stain of a liver biopsy is shown in the image. A similar pattern of regeneration and fi brosis would be expected in the liver of a patient with which of the following conditions?

Q60080. A 10-year-old boy trips at school and scrapes the palms of his hands. The wounds are cleaned and covered with ster- ile gauze. Which of the following terms best characterizes the healing of these superfi cial abrasions?

Q60081. Which of the following cellular processes helps restore normal epithelial structure and function in the patient described in Question 12?