Q47. A 55-year-old hypertensive patient on long-term hydrochlorothiazide therapy presents with flank pain. Imaging reveals the presence of a renal stone. Which of the following best explains the likely mechanism of renal stone formation in this patient?
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Q48. A 14-year-old boy with chronic kidney disease is brought for follow-up. Laboratory investigations reveal normocytic, normochromic anemia with low reticulocyte count. What is the drug of choice for managing this patient's anemia?
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Q50. A patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease complains of heartburn and regurgitation. Which of the following drugs increase the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter and enhances gastric emptying to reduce reflux episodes?
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Q116. What is the mechanism of action of pegloticase?
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Q133. A patient with schizophrenia has been responding well to Haloperidol for the past 2 years. He now presents with orofacial dyskinesia, choreiform, tic-like movements, and possible dystonia. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment of this condition?
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Q170. A patient scheduled for surgery develops preoperative bradycardia, hypotension, and facial flushing. Which of the following muscle relaxants is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
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Q171. Patient administered sevoflurane and succinylcholine for abdominal surgery develops post operative muscle rigidity. Drug of choice
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Q191. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, currently on insulin and metformin, has an HbA1c of 8.3%. He also has features of chronic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%). What is the next best add-on therapy?
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Q192. Benralizumab acts on which receptor?
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Q195. A 60-year-old male with a history of ischemic heart disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction is scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. He is hemodynamically stable. Which of the following agents is most appropriate in this patient to minimize cardiovascular effects?
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Q1412. A patient presents with redness and pain in the eye. On examination, there are posterior synechiae. The pupil was pharmacologically dilated to break the synechiae, as shown in the image. Which of the following drugs was most likely used?
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Q1317. receptors. The hormone–receptor complex then translocates to the nucleus and binds to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene transcription. Which of the following DNA- binding motifs enables steroid hormone receptors to attach to their target sites on DNA?
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Q1324. A 50-year-old man presents with progressive weight loss, easy fatigability, and bleeding tendency. On examination, he has splenomegaly. Laboratory investigations show marked leukocytosis, peripheral smear with left shift and basophilia. What is the drug of choice for management of this condition?
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Q1338. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of gabapentin?
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Q1339. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of colchicine in an acute attack of gout?
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Q1341. started on ketoconazole. After 3–4 days of antifungal therapy, he complains of dizziness, severe fatigue, easy bruising,and repeated episodes of hypotension. His blood counts show new-onset thrombocytopenia and anemia. The most likely reason for these adverse effects is:
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Q1349. What is the mechanism of action of finasteride?
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Q1351. A 35-year-old man undergoes renal transplantation. To avoid nephrotoxicity associated with calcineurin inhibition, his physician plans to use an immunosuppressant that specifically inhibits IL-2–mediated T-cell proliferation without blocking calcineurin. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate?
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Q1358. A patient with bronchial asthma is prescribed a salbutamol metered dose inhaler (MDI). He has difficulty coordinating actuation with inspiration, so his physician advises the use of a spacer device with the MDI. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of a spacer with an MDI?
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